Identifying Trend Influenced Patterns in Graphic Design

The panorama of graphic design patterns is continually evolving, with developments that pop up and fade out fairly shortly. Nevertheless, there are a couple of sample design developments which have managed to endure the passage of time via their recognizable model and distinctive marks.

Your potential to acknowledge these timeless graphic design patterns by pattern can assist you embrace their aesthetics, grasp symbols and visible cues, and maybe predict the way forward for design.

On this article, we’ll shortly discover 15 iconic patterns which have gracefully traveled throughout time. We’ll study every design pattern’s defining options and discover their sensible purposes and significance.

15 Development-Based mostly Patterns in Graphic Design

Let’s examine these 15 numerous trend-based patterns in graphic design, from historic classics to some modern design developments:  

1. Artwork Nouveau

Artwork Nouveau takes its title from the French phrases which means ‘New Artwork’. It was a world artwork motion that emerged within the late nineteenth century and flourished in Europe and the US between 1890 and 1910. This decorative classic design model broke away from the period’s formal types to embrace extra natural, flowy parts, lengthy, sinuous traces, pure motifs, and an ornamental sort of craftsmanship.

Artwork Nouveau continues to affect ornamental arts as we speak. It’s typically seen on partitions, tapestry, stained glasswork, promoting posters, structure, inside design, artifacts, jewellery, and illustration.

Notable Artwork Nouveau designers included Gustav Klimt and Alphonse Mucha.

Defining Options of Artwork Nouveau Patterns

• Artwork Nouveau designs ceaselessly show natural and botanical types, so search for nature motifs with flowing traces and curves.
• Maintain a watch out for ornamental parts like exaggerated lengthy curves that appear like whips, vines, and complex patterns. S-curved traces and ‘whiplash’ motifs are hallmarks of Artwork Nouveau. 
• Artwork Nouveau designs typically function asymmetrical compositions to showcase a way of dynamism and motion. This method helped break free from the symmetry of earlier design types.
• Artwork Nouveau additionally emphasizes feminity, so many design patterns function sensual and seductive types.
• Take note of intricate particulars and craftsmanship.
• Flat compositions, daring traces, and natural types make up the Artwork Nouveau model.

Colour Traits

Artwork Nouveau’s coloration palette dances between two kinds of types. The primary entails muted and somber colours from nature, like sage, mustard, brown, lilac, and olive greens. These light hues of wildlife create a heat, inviting ambiance.

The second palette embraces wealthy and daring colours like deep violet, pink, and unnatural metallic accents, used to construct the extra dynamic visible attraction that defines Artwork Nouveau.

Symbolism/Philosophy

Artwork Nouveau used symbolic parts, concepts from nature, and the bodily world to specific spirituality. The motion used flowing traces and plant and floral types to represent progress, vitality, and a connection to nature. Female types had been used to depict class and style, whereas the fragile craftsmanship signified sophistication and wealth.

Artwork Nouveau Graphic Type Samples

2. Memphis Group

The Memphis Group was a collaborative design group of Italian designers and designers within the early Eighties who created a collection of influential merchandise. Also referred to as Memphis Milano, this post-modern motion defied standard design with peculiar, outsized geometric shapes and daring coloration palettes. Throughout that point, merchandise had been designed to be useful and never ornamental, so the Memphis Group’s work was thought of groundbreaking for its period. The Memphis Group is related to furnishings, materials, glass and steel objects, textiles, carpets, and ceramics.

Defining Options of Memphis Group Patterns

• The Memphis Group is characterised by its summary designs with colourful combos of dots, circles, triangles, stripes, and squiggly traces.
• The Memphis model embraces clashing patterns, outsized parts, and scattered shiny geometric shapes.
• The usage of shiny and contrasting colours together with black and white patterns is a key function of Memphis Group patterns.
• Search for asymmetrical designs, irregularity, and haphazardly organized textures and shapes.

Medium/Strategies

The Memphis Group’s work typically used costly supplies with unconventional mediums, similar to plastic laminate and industrial merchandise for interiors and graphic designs. The supplies used included glass, ceramics, materials, paper, wooden, resin, steel objects, ceramics, and textiles. Memphis principally adorns low-priced materials with electrical colours and daring patterns.

Colour Traits

Flat, brash, shiny, and daring colours: overlook subtlety with the Memphis Group. This group embraces using lots of saturated colours, typically complemented with black, pale pastels, and mellow tones to create clashing combos. Assume electrical pink, shiny blues, neons, and pastels.

Symbolism/Philosophy

Do not take Memphis Group designs too critically as they typically carry a humorousness and irony. The Memphis motion design model is a logo of day-to-day objects, trend-chasers, the kitschy, cheesy, and mass manufacturing.

Memphis Type Sample Samples

3. William Morris Patterns

William Morris was a key determine within the 1860s Arts & Crafts motion. His elegant design model is all about craftsmanship, nature, and a revolt in opposition to the mass manufacturing of the Victorian age of industrialism. William Morris believed in high-quality, handmade items and produced over 50 wallpapers, in addition to designing textiles, tapestries, stained glass, and furnishings. His designs centered on hand-made values, bringing pure magnificence, heat, and a home made really feel to on a regular basis tasks with out sacrificing moral manufacturing or high quality.

William Morris design may be seen adorning family items, handicrafts, textiles, carpet-making, embroidery, literature, ornamental designs, and different merchandise.

Defining Options of William Morris Patterns

• This model is recognized by intricate and detailed floral patterns, natural shapes, geometric grids, and desaturated colours.
• Morris’s designs function nature-inspired types, like vegetation, birds, flowers, and different pure types. They’re acknowledged by the repetitive floral motifs.
• Morris’s design is extra stylized and fewer realistic-looking.
• Patterns by William Morris are described as a Victorian-inspired aesthetic, wealthy in coloration and with a handcrafted really feel.

Colour Traits

William Morris’s design model primarily centered on muted colours, with wealthy and earthy tones extracted from vegetation, flowers, and animals. The colour palette can also be infused with flamboyant blues, greens, neutrals, pinks, and reds, impressed by medieval tapestries.

Symbolism/Philosophy

Morris’s work symbolizes the return to custom and the harmonious relationship between the universe and the beings inhabiting it. It’s totally poetic and creative, displaying the sweetness in on a regular basis objects. Morris hardly ever used plain colours. As a substitute, he understood the ability of juxtaposition and distinction and had an unimaginable sense of stability, pairing earthy colours with daring base colours.

Willam Morris Sample Samples

4. Geometric Design Patterns

Geometric design appeared within the early Twentieth century and is linked to a few aesthetic types: Artwork Deco, Mid-Century, and modern artwork. What’s geometric sample design? This graphic model may be very broad, and it is all about easy traces, shapes, and their relationship to create order and visible curiosity via geometric patterns. 

Geometric design is often included into artwork, branding, logos, inside design, trend, structure, and trendy design developments.

Defining Options of Geometric Patterns

• Geometric sample design has a contemporary and structured design method. Search for symmetry and repetitive geometric motifs.
• Flat shapes, traces, and patterns outline geometric design. Squares, circles, hexagons, triangles and extra shapes are all mixed in several types.
• That is summary design that’s non-representative of nature.
• Geometric design is balanced and harmonious.

Colour Traits

This model options daring and contrasting coloration combos. Principally, the pattern follows the idea of maintaining the identical coloration household embedded, whether or not the palette is cool, heat, or impartial. Monochromatic designs are influenced by Bauhaus and minimalism. They function single colours in numerous shades to create a unified look.

The high-contrast palette is extra stimulating and dynamic in impact. There’s lots of coloration principle exploration with this method.

Additionally, you might have earth tones or a impartial palette of beiges, browns, whites, and gray to deliver out a way of grounding and class. However, it might function a extra modern palette of vibrant and energetic colours, making a joyful, childlike aesthetic.

Symbolism

Geometric design may be very subjective. It conveys a variety of feelings, from a way of construction and stability to a playful and energetic tone, relying on the composition and coloration palette.

The shapes can characterize the constructing blocks of the universe, and the symmetry is related to cosmic order. Or it might categorical a joyful unity and summary concepts.

Geometric Sample Samples

5. Natural Patterns

The natural sample in graphic design pattern makes use of free-flowing natural shapes and elemental types to provide a sense of nature. This pattern’s idea makes use of types from nature to emphasise minimalism and the fantastic thing about the pure world.

The natural sample pattern may be built-in into any medium and is frequent in house furnishing, structure, eco-branding, and sustainable net design.

Defining Options of Natural Patterns

• Natural sample design consists of flowy traces and irregular shapes impressed by nature’s magnificence. It’s a very harmonious and unified design.
• Natural design imitates shapes from nature like leaves, rock formations, waves, water, vibrations, and others.
• It’s summary, that includes minimalist design in irregular and asymmetrical compositions.
• Look ahead to earthy coloration palettes with mushy gradient diversifications which are heat and alluring.

Colour Traits

The natural coloration palette generally options earthy tones, similar to inexperienced, beige, whites, greys, mushy browns, and calmer coloration ranges. Additionally, impartial colours like pale greens, pink, and blues are fashionable.

Symbolism

Natural design displays progress and concord. It attracts inspiration from the pure world to deliver a way of naturalness and emotions of serenity. It is a model that calls to thoughts the sight and emotions of being submerged in nature. Natural design can symbolize ecological consciousness, concord with the surroundings, and a forward-thinking mindset.

Natural Sample Design Samples

6. Bauhaus

Bauhaus (German for ‘constructing home’) was a German artwork faculty from 1919 to 1933. This influential Nineteen Twenties motion aimed toward bridging artwork with trade. It’s the exact opposite of the natural design model. The Bauhaus method is all about performance, clear traces, and the idea of ‘much less is extra’. With Bauhaus, each design aspect serves a function, and there’s no pointless ornament. 

The Bauhaus affect is built-in all over the place from utilized arts to design, structure, and extra.

Defining Options of Bauhaus Patterns

• Bauhaus sample design is recognized by its clear traces, easy shapes, and summary model.
• Bauhaus patterns are uncluttered and methodical, specializing in type, simplicity, and performance.
• It’s a trendy, minimalist design with a geometrical method.
• Bauhaus is acknowledged by way of sans-serif typography.
• It is also characterised by its major colours and grids.

Colour Traits

Made up of daring pops of major colours, typically with white and black accents, Bauhaus is closely influenced by coloration principle, that includes the applying of the first colours pink, blue, and yellow, with neutrals as the inspiration. 

Symbolism

Bauhaus makes a daring assertion, with a powerful influence. It breaks away from conventional types and displays the altering world of the Twentieth century. It symbolizes a forward-thinking method, innovation, and performance.

Bauhaus Sample Samples

7. Paisley Patterns

Paisley patterns are identified for his or her distinctive teardrop motif, referred to as the ‘boteh’. It is not an entire model in itself however extra of a decorative design. This timeless design print originated within the Kingdom of Kashmir within the eleventh century and has minimize via time and tradition. 

The Paisley sample is fashionable in materials and textiles. It is largely seen on silk and cotton shawls but in addition expands to wallpaper, curtains, house furnishing, and extra.

Defining Options of Paisley Patterns

• Impressed by Persian design, with teardrop shapes and curved motifs, Paisley is a flexible design that’s utilized in many types, together with maximalism, Bohemian, classic, and even minimalism.
• This can be a wealthy and ornamental design, with intricate and droplet-like patterns that come in several variations in measurement, coloration, and quantity of element.
• It is characterised by floral parts, swirls, and gildings to the tear form.
• Paisley may be intricate, playful, or elegant in model, relying on the context. 

Colour Traits

Paisley sample design typically makes use of heat and earthy coloration palettes. Nevertheless, its flexibility lies in its potential to adapt to varied coloration palettes. Historically, it makes use of daring and wealthy colours, however trendy variations have softer interpretations too.

Symbolism

Paisley symbolizes fertility, creation, abundance, prosperity, and everything of life inside a drop. Relying on the origin and cultural context, it may be related to luxurious, faith, or creativity.

Paisley Sample Samples

8. 90s Solar & Moon

The 90s Solar & Moon design model is actually impressed by the sky. This graphic sample pattern is kind of nostalgic and closely influenced by celestial icons. Assume constellations, the moon and solar, cosmic motifs, and a crisp evening sky. The 90s Solar & Moon design sample drew inspiration from the bohemian and grunge aesthetics fashionable within the 90s. It may be noticed on numerous mediums, from art work to wallpaper, house decor, tattoos, materials, and extra.

Defining Options of 90s Solar & Moon Patterns

• You may acknowledge this model by its tapestry of surreal and dream-like parts. This 90s tradition sample options stylized celestial shapes such because the solar, moon, and stars.
• The celestial parts are sometimes merely stylized or very intricate in design. They typically have exaggerated options like huge smiles and huge eyes to present them a whimsical really feel.
• 90s Solar and Moon patterns use cosmic blue and yellow coloration palettes.
• It’s a dreamy, enjoyable, and magical design that captures the paranormal evening sky.

Colour Traits

Assume daring, jewel-tone colours and cosmic blues. The 90s Solar and Moon model embraces fiery yellows, cobalt blue, and yellow, in addition to metallic colours similar to gold, silver, and chrome accents. 

Symbolism

The 90s Solar & Moon model symbolizes playfulness, thriller, and nostalgia. The solar symbolizes energy, energy, and stability, whereas the moon represents magnificence, peace, and nurturing nature. This model additionally calls up our childhood surprise and fascination with area, embracing cosmic power.

90s Solar & Moon Sample Samples

9. Terrazzo

Think about a colourful mosaic made up of fragmented stone chips, glass, and marble. That is Terrazzo. It is an Italian flooring technique that grew to become fashionable within the Twentieth century and has since been reimagined into digital designs.  

Terrazzo aesthetics may be seen throughout many design disciplines like web site design, graphic design, social media, furnishing, trend, and every thing from digital belongings to literature.

Defining Options of Terrazzo Patterns

• Authentic Terrazzo is composited from marble chips, glass, granite, and different supplies in resin or concrete. Historically used for flooring, it then moved on to different house decor and digital makes use of.
• Terrazzo may be acknowledged by the colourful, speckled design that is available in numerous distinctive patterns. It is a texture with patterning, dotting, speckling, and geometric influences.
• Terrazzo patterns are available impartial colours in addition to vibrant tones.
• This design is asymmetrical, with clear imperfections.
• It is a versatile model that blends into every thing from precise materials to summary illustrations.

Colour Traits

Terrazzo sample design is available in a variety of colours, from classical bichrome, polychromatic, and cinnamon-colored to daring and modern colours. Mid-century design displayed daring colours, minimalist design opted for extra refined patterns and impartial tones, and bohemian design embraced vibrant and playful colours.

Symbolism

Terrazzo patterns evoke an eco-friendly selection, recycling, and a house really feel. Because of the countless potentialities of patterns, coloration, and materials combos, the sample model can mirror self-expression and individuality.

Terrazzo Sample Samples

10. Artwork Deco

Artwork Deco, brief for the French Arts Decoratifs (‘ornamental arts’), honored trade and expertise via its motifs. This Nineteen Twenties-30s design motion was identified for its glamorous trendy model that oozed with sophistication and mirrored the advances of the period. This design model embraced the long run with luxurious craftsmanship and offered it via structure, visible arts, and product design.

Artwork Deco sample design may be present in all ornamental fields, from trend and humanities to industrial design, representing luxurious and technological progress. It has influenced constructing buildings, bridges, trains, furnishings, and on a regular basis objects.

Defining Options of Artwork Deco Patterns

• Artwork Deco may be recognized by its smooth design, that includes geometric shapes with straight and daring traces. The sample is commonly made up of chevrons, zigzags, sharp angles, pyramids, and sunburst motifs.
• Artwork Deco patterns shine with metallic accents of gold and silver, however jewel tones like emeralds and sapphire are additionally used for an opulent really feel.
• Assume lavish, glamorous, and stylized depictions of fauna and flora.
• Artwork Deco options balanced and methodical compositions.
• Typically it makes use of streamlined, symmetrical arrangments, however typically asymmetry seems in sturdy, eye-catching parts.

Colour Traits

Frequent colours are black and gold, however jewel tones like emeralds and sapphire are used for an opulent really feel. The colours maintain completely different symbolic weights relying on the context and surrounding parts.

Symbolism

The Artwork Deco sample model tasks an air of sophistication and luxurious. The streamlined types, geometric shapes, detailed refinement, and timeless magnificence all current a way of glamour. Mixtures of black and white are extra dramatic, with a sense of timeless sophistication, whereas blue and inexperienced symbolize tranquility and stability.

Artwork Deco Sample Samples

11. Doodle

Figuring out doodle artwork is a bit difficult as a result of it is typically easy, random drawings primarily based on an impulsive self-expression fairly than a particular artwork. Nevertheless, if we had been to characterize it, we might name it a mixture of types, something from playful and unfastened scribbles to zentangle patterns, which are often monochrome. Doodling is like scribbling idly with a preoccupied thoughts or unconsciously expressing via symbolic sketches.

Doodling is extra typically related to younger children and is fashionable in comics, cartoons, faculty, and academic content material.

Defining Options of Doodle Patterns

• Doodle patterns are characterised by freeform, spontaneous linework, zigzags, and natural shapes.
• They may additionally embody summary repeated forms or patterns like zentangles.
• Doodle patterns can embody structured and recognizable objects like faces, eyes, rainbows, clouds, stars, hearts, and so forth.
• Additionally they embody random mixes of shapes like squares, circles, squiggles, triangles, and contours.
• Mandalas and round patterns are typical
• They generally function botanical parts like vegetation, flowers, and leaves.

Medium/Strategies

Doodling is all about freedom of expression, so numerous mediums can be utilized, however the commonest are pencils, pens, markers, or digital instruments similar to Photoshop or Illustrator.

Colour Traits

Sometimes, doodle sample artwork is monochromatic or muted, however it may also be any coloration you need.

Symbolism

Doodle artwork symbolizes spontaneity, playfulness, sociability, and self-expression, in addition to boredom, frustration, and a private frame of mind. It varies relying on the person and the doodles themselves. Generally it would provide clues to an emotional frame of mind, and different occasions it might characterize a self-soothing or stress aid sample.

Doodle Artwork Design Samples

12. Pop Artwork

Pop Artwork is a cultural assertion and artwork motion that got here out within the Fifties and 60s. The artwork model isn’t a single approach however an affect from on a regular basis objects, promoting, commercials, and celebrities, used to create high-contrast artwork compositions. Pop Artwork is a motion that turned mundane objects into enticing symbols and graphic works. Pop Artwork is commonly seen on TV, comedian books, shopper items, screenprinting, photocollages, mass media, and on a regular basis objects.

Well-known Pop Artwork artists embody Roy Lichtenstein, Andy Warhol, and James Rosenquist.

Defining Options of Pop Artwork Patterns

• These patterns are identifiable by recognizable popular culture objects.
• Consider mass media photographs, consumerism, comedian e book characters, celebrities, model logos, and ads.
• The model typically makes use of simplified shapes, sturdy outlines, and dots.
• It makes use of daring and vivid, shiny colours
• That is artwork meant for fashionable attraction and to make a cultural assertion.
• Pop Artwork typically makes use of comedian e book font types in all caps.

Colour Traits

Daring, saturated, flat colours, impressed by a comic book e book coloration palette. Frequent colours embody pink, yellow, and blue, with strokes of black.

Symbolism

Pop Artwork does not have a unified which means. It might symbolize recognition, revolt, skepticism, consumerism, and mass media, all relying on the context and the particular art work. For instance, the portrayal of celebrities generally is a easy statement of the influence of fame in trendy society, whereas repeated motifs of fashionable shopper items generally is a humorous touch upon the preconceived notions of fashionable tradition vs. consumerism.

Pop Artwork Design Samples

13. Glitch Artwork 

Glitch Artwork is a Twentieth-century visible pattern that makes use of digital errors or technical disruptions to create distinctive aesthetics. It is an summary artwork motion that brings out self-expression and celebrates imperfections. It highlights our delicate relationship with expertise. The glitch impact is usually used to create trippy results, a psychedelic look, thriller, or technological and futuristic design.

Well-known glitch artists embody Nam June Paik, Rosa Menkman, and Len Lye.

Defining Options of Glitch Artwork

• Glitsch Artwork is acknowledged by pixelation, intentional creative distortions, and digital visible errors like gentle leaks, noise and grain, double publicity, and glitch-like lettering.
• There’s typically a surreal and unsettling aesthetic with no perfection.
• Glitch Artwork has an experimental method with corrupted photographs and using vibrant coloration shifts.
• It depends on expertise to mix texture and patterns.
• Glitch Artwork options the repetition of motifs, patterns, or glitches.

Colour Traits

Glitch Artwork does not have a single defining coloration scheme and may be numerous. It makes use of coloration degredations and high-contrast colours with oversaturated hues to create visually jarring scenes.

Symbolism

Glitch Artwork embraces the sweetness present in distortion and imperfection. It is a reminder that expertise isn’t infallible and may be unpredictable. Glitch Artwork pushes the boundaries of conventional artforms and displays the long run, a way of unreality, expressionism, and unpredictability.

Glitch Artwork Design Samples

14. Op Artwork

Op Artwork is a design pattern that developed within the mid-Twentieth century. It makes use of visible results and mesmerizing patterns to create the phantasm of motion. This worldwide pattern explored the connection between actuality and notion via using optical tips. The Op Artwork design is related to graphics, posters, T-shirts, movies, and e book artwork.

Notable artists embody Bridget Riley, Victor Vasarely, and Julian Stanczak.

Defining Options of Op Artwork

• This model options optical art work that creates the phantasm of motion, depth, and vibrations.
• Assume wavy traces, visible tips, shapes that swell or sink, and pulsating patterns.
• It contains daring coloration clashes or black-and-white coloration combos.
• Geometric shapes like squares, circles, and contours are the constructing blocks of Op Artwork.
• Op Artwork is an interplay between shapes and coloration, so search for repetitive patterns with high-contrast traces and shapes.
• That is an artwork type that engages the viewer’s notion and challenges us visually.

Colour Traits

Op Artwork favors sturdy, daring coloration selections similar to black and white or complementary colours like pink and inexperienced to create a stimulating visible expertise. Inserting the colours aspect by aspect helps the viewer to focus completely on the shapes and contours, thus creating the phantasm of motion and depth.

Symbolism

Op Artwork is not identified for instantly symbolic meanings. As a substitute, it focuses on creating sensory experiences via using coloration and shapes. These interactions between coloration and shapes play tips on the eyes, inflicting the phantasm of movement, vibrations, and depth inside static artwork.

Op Artwork can symbolize creativity, stimulation, and the phantasm of motion.

Op Artwork Sample Samples

15. Sticker Bomb 

Sticker Bomb patterns are an aesthetic pattern that grew to become fashionable within the early 2000s and 2010s. This model may be very eye-catching and is principally a vibrant collage impact made up of quite a lot of stickers. These stickers fluctuate from logos, manufacturers, cartoons, and textual content to the rest expressing individuality.

Consider a skateboarding tradition, road artwork, or graffiti when figuring out the Sticker Bomb pattern. It is also frequent on musical devices, private belongings like notebooks and laptops, or industrial merchandise similar to garments and residential decor.

Defining Options of Sticker Bomb

• Sticker Bomb is recognized by an eclectic mixture of sticker photographs masking an space with minimal background.
• It makes use of a visually impactful collage impact that makes use of the artwork of layering stickers to create chaos and depth.
• It entails numerous stickers or badges from popular culture, cartoons, manufacturers, private design, hand-drawn parts, graphics, and textual content.
• Sticker Bomb patterns categorical individuality and sometimes belong to subcultures.

Symbolism

Sticker Bomb does not have a common image or which means. Sticker Bomb patterns symbolize a rebellious and playful spirit, in addition to artistic self-expression or only a enjoyable, creative approach of adorning objects.

Sticker Bomb Sample Samples

Conclusion:  Figuring out Graphic Sample Developments

The world of graphic design is a treasure chest of patterns. Decoding trend-based patterns  is all about breaking down the visible language and making out these parts:

• Shapes: Are they natural and pure (Morris), geometric (Artwork Deco), or various (Sticker Bomb)? Do they overlap, repeat, or type a grid?
• Colours: Daring contrasts (Pop), vibrant and shiny (Memphis), or muted earth tones (Morris)? Search for metallic accents, particular coloration palettes, or gradients.
• Strains: Repetitive (Artwork Deco), flowing curves (Artwork Nouveau), or sharp angles (Memphis)? Analyze how the traces work together and notice their thickness and path.
• Textures: Flat and graphic (Geometric), celestial illustrated (90s Solar Moon), or collaged (Sticker Bomb)? Is the feel overlapping, interlocking, or freed from area?

Examine patterns, and do not simply establish them however recreate them! Use your understanding and data of the completely different trend-based patterns to have enjoyable and experiment along with your work. Attempt to mix parts from numerous developments, and reinterpret them in your individual design voice.

Hungry for extra design sample inspirations? Uncover extra patterns with these tutorial alternatives: